Efeito da adição de blueberry em dietas hiperlipídicas sobre a composição da microbiota intestinal: revisão de estudos pré-clínicos

Abstract

About 30% to 40% of the composition of the intestinal microbiota is constantly altered by lifestyle and changes on a diet. High-fat diets promote an unfavorable intestinal environment with increased proteobacteria, increased intestinal permeability and consequent increase in lipopolysaccharides. Thus, the present study aimed to review the scientific evidence in preclinical trials of the effect of adding blueberry to high-fat diets on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. A bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The articles (n=11) were critically evaluated and data were extracted, in which the forms of blueberry studied were: extracts (n=5), fermented (n=3) or powdered (n=3). The addition of blueberry in its different forms (powder, fermented and extract) modified the composition of the intestinal microbiota in a different way, attenuating damage resulting from the high-fat diet. The similarities observed in the modification of the composition of the intestinal microbiota include the ability to decrease Firmicutes and increase Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, with emphasis on the phylum Verrucomicrobia, and selective abundance in the bacterial genus Akkermansia/species Akkermansia muciniphila. The addition of blueberry increased the production of short and branched chain fatty acids, which were reduced as a result of the hyperlipidic diet, and was able to increase the presence of Roseburia, a bacterium that proved to be efficient for the production of short chain fatty acids, in addition to others such as Faecalibaculum, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridium Innocuum Peptoclostridium, Streptococcus and Blautia. The need for clinical studies is reinforced to evaluate the effect of blueberry on the composition of the human microbiota.