Biopirataria. Dificuldade na fiscalização e impactos na região centro-oeste

Abstract

This study analyzed the practice of biopiracy in Brazil, with emphasis on the Midwest region, addressing its conceptual, historical, and legal aspects, as well as the institutional structure of enforcement and the resulting socio-environmental impacts. The research employed the deductive method, based on bibliographic and documentary review, drawing from classical works, national legislation, international treaties, and official reports. It was found that, although the country had a relevant regulatory framework, represented by Law No. 13.123/2015 and commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity, legal gaps and operational weaknesses persisted, hindering the effective protection of biodiversity and traditional knowledge. The results showed that environmental enforcement remained limited by the lack of human, technological, and institutional resources, especially in border areas. It was also observed that cases of illegal exploitation of species and traditional knowledge caused direct impacts on indigenous, quilombola, and riverside communities, undermining their cultural and economic autonomy. It was concluded that addressing biopiracy requires interinstitutional integration, strengthening of legislation, and greater protagonism of traditional communities in the decision-making process, in order to ensure national sovereignty and socio-environmental justice.