Sustentabilidade urbana no bairro Goiânia 2: Entre ruas, verdes e futuros?

Abstract

This Undergraduate Thesis develops an urban-architectural and landscape proposal for an area of approximately 13 hectares in the Goiânia 2 neighborhood, in Goiânia (GO), Brazil, conceived as a prototype of an ecological neighborhood based on the principles of Ecosystemic Urbanism. The choice of the intervention area considers not only its favorable physical conditions – flat topography, proximity to an urban park, structured road network, and potential for requalification – but also its capacity to serve as a laboratory for replicable solutions, articulating active mobility, green-blue infrastructure, biodiversity, and habitability. The investigation starts from a central question: is it possible to develop, in a consolidated urban context, a model of an urban ecological unit that is technically robust, socially inclusive, and environmentally efficient? The theoretical framework initially discusses the contemporary problem of urban unsustainability, marked by dispersed expansion, the predominance of the automobile, environmental degradation, and socio-spatial fragmentation. Authors such as Jacobs, Gehl, and Acselrad contribute to understanding how urban form and planning models have shaped inefficient, impermeable, and unequal cities. In this context, urban sustainability is understood as the result of the integration between environmental dimensions, social justice, and economic efficiency, overcoming sectoral approaches and incorporating the city as a continuously functioning ecosystem. A critical review of New Urbanism acknowledges advances in mobility, mixed-use development, and the enhancement of public space, but points to limitations regarding social inclusion, urban metabolism, and the capacity for adaptation to the Brazilian context. In contrast, Ecosystemic Urbanism, systematized by Salvador Rueda, emerges as an approach capable of integrating urban form, environmental flows, and social diversity through four structuring pillars: Compactness, Complexity, Efficiency, and Stability. Based on the guiding function of sustainability E/(n·H), it becomes evident that sustainable cities are those that reduce energy consumption (E) while increasing diversity (n), informational density (H), and self-containment. These principles guide the project's design guidelines, structured around the axes of Streets, Green Spaces, and Futures, which organize strategies for urban form, ecological infrastructure, and social dynamics. The methodology adopted involves urban planning diagnosis, environmental analysis, morphological reading, and the formulation of integrated guidelines, culminating in innovative solutions that combine hybrid wetlands, multi-use streets, vegetated facades with Cerrado species, decentralized water harvesting and reuse systems, local energy production via BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics), active mobility, and bioclimatic architecture. The proposal demonstrates how the integration between natural infrastructure and built form can promote social cohesion, metabolic efficiency, and environmental improvement. Although the full effectiveness of proposals of this nature depends on the modes of appropriation, community management, and the continuity of urban policies, the set of guidelines and solutions shows that the initial question of the design process transforms into a concrete path to the future. Thus, “Between Streets, Green Spaces, and Futures?” It ceases to be merely a conceptual proposition and establishes itself as a possible horizon: an urban model capable of responding to contemporary environmental and social urgencies, supported by performance, equity, and ecosystemic integration.