Privação do sono e balanço energético: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Sleep deprivation has been associated with changes in eating behavior and energy metabolism. Objective: To assess the effects of sleep deprivation on energy balance in adults. Methods: A literature review was conducted based on PRISMA protocol recommendations, selecting clinical and observational studies published in the last 10 years, with searches in PubMed using descriptors related to sleep and metabolism. Studies with adults in Portuguese or English were included. Results: Eleven studies were analyzed, primarily crossover in design, investigating the impact of sleep deprivation on calorie intake, energy expenditure, and food choices. Most studies found a significant increase in calorie intake, especially from foods high in fats and sugars, as well as hormonal changes such as increased ghrelin and reduced leptin. Discussion: Sleep deprivation, particularly prolonged deprivation, favors a positive energy balance, even when energy expenditure increases, due to elevated calorie intake. Methodological heterogeneity and individual characteristics may influence the results. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation negatively impacts energy balance, promoting higher calorie consumption and poor food choices, and may contribute to weight gain and metabolic disorders.