Políticas sociais e distribuição de renda em goiás e no Brasil (2003 A 2022)

Abstract

The study analyzes the social policies implemented in Brazil and the state of Goiás from 2003 to 2024, with a particular focus on the Bolsa Família Program (PBF), Continuous Cash Benefits (BPC), and the minimum wage valorization policy, as well as their impact on social inequality. Methodologically, the study begins by analyzing the economic dynamics of the period, primarily utilizing data on GDP, employment trends and unemployment rates to examine their relationship with social policies. Subsequently, it measures the correlation between changes in social inequality, as assessed by the Gini Index, and the considered social benefits, using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The study concludes that the significant economic and political transformations experienced by the country during the period directly influenced the formulation and effectiveness of these policies. From 2003 to 2013, Brazil witnessed economic growth accompanied by a substantial increase in the minimum wage and the expansion of income transfer programs, leading to a decrease in unemployment, growth in formal employment, and a sharp reduction in social inequality nationwide and in Goiás. However, beginning in 2014, economic and political crises constrained the State's ability to sustain these programs, resulting in increased inequality. From 2022 onwards, new strategies were implemented to reverse this scenario. The study further concludes that Goiás exhibited a similar dynamic but demonstrated greater resilience than Brazil during periods of crisis, due to its strong base in the commodity-exporting agribusiness sector.