Desvalorização docente e desmotivação profissional: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

The historical journey of education, from ancient times to the present day, reflects not only the evolution of society but also the challenges faced by education professionals. Throughout the centuries, the teaching profession has taken on various forms and received various levels of recognition and valorization. However, even with legislative advances and recognition of the importance of education, the current scenario revals a reality of devaluation and demotivation among educators. Thus, the present work aims to conduct an integrative review of the literature on the devaluation of the teaching profession and how the demotivation of these professionals has hindered the future directions of Brazilian education. For this purpose, the Scopus database was used, recognized for its vast collection of scientific abstracts and citations, to search for reliable sources on the topic. English keywords were also used to broaden the search, along with some inclusion and exclusion criteria for a better analysis. The studies revealed several causes for teacher devaluation and demotivation, including low salaries, precarious working conditions, and lack of institutional support. As a consequence, health problems were highlighted due to excessive working hours to compensate for low salaries. To address this situation, solutions such as reducing working hours and more favorable salary policies are proposed. The trajectory of education reflects the ongoing challenges faced by teachers throughout history. The educational importance is acknowledged, but the devaluation and demotivation of educators persist.