O impacto da dieta rica em gorduras saturadas na composição da microbiota intestinal e na resposta inflamatória: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to carry out a literature review to identify scientific evidence on the impact of a diet rich in saturated fats in the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and the inflammatory response. Method: This is a literature review. The search for scientific articles was carried out in the Scielo, Medline and PUBMED databases, using the keywords intestinal microbiota (gut microbiota), dietary fats (fat), lipid metabolism (lipid metabolism), inflammation (inflammation ) and saturated fatty acids, by articles published from 2018 to 2023 in Portuguese and English. Results: It was identified that saturated fats in food cause changes in the intestinal microbiota, mainly in obese individuals, with an increase in the proportion of some phyla and bacterial genera in relation to others. As an inflammatory response, there were changes in the lipid profile and an increase in body fat. Conclusion: The intestinal microbiota is altered with a diet rich in saturated fats and influences a greater inflammatory response; from the higher rate of lipopolysaccharides, higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased body fat and worsening of the lipid profile; however, longer-term randomized trials are still needed to demonstrate long-term microbial changes.