Consequências da exposição do raio X durante o desenvolvimento intrauterino

Abstract

Electromagnetic ionizing radiation, more specifically X-ray, is of great use in diagnostic imaging. In pregnant women, its use is contraindicated to the detriment of the sensitivity and vulnerability of the cells of the embryo, since it can cause damage and sequelae, compromising its formation. The aim of the present study was to identify these consequences and the stages in which they are expressed. To this end, a narrative review was carried out encompassing exploratory research of qualitative approach through bibliographic and electronic information sources, where tables of radiation dispositions, gestational stages and interferences present after exposure were recorded. Historical records and standard embryonic developments were inserted to facilitate identification of the consequences considered. It was concluded with this study that, the individuals to receive exposure of X-ray have the potential to trigger the repair system, restoring damage and reestablishing homeostasis. In pregnant women, this fact does not happen with the cells of the being in formation, being exposed and submitted to the actions of the X-ray, even in small doses. The consequences are varied, from growth retardation to increased risk of mortality. Such records vary according to the period of gestational exposure and time in which the being in formation was exposed to the X-ray.