Contribuição do enfermeiro para prevenção da hipertensão arterial em populações idosas: revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic hypertensive disease is characterized by a gradual increase in blood pressure, affecting mainly the elderly population since these individuals currently have a longer life expectancy. Objective: To carry out a synthesis of nursing practices that contribute to the prevention of chronic hypertensive disease in the elderly. Methodology: This is a narrative review of the literature, carried out through the survey of scientific articles obtained from research on electronic sites with public access such as Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Database Nursing Data (BDENF), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), access via Virtual Health Library (VHL); Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo), World Health Organization and Capes Journal Portal. The selection of descriptors will be carried out on the website, Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS). Results: And with regard to the time frame of publication, it can be considered that the studies are recent, since three articles are between the years 2012 to 2015 (20%), six articles are between the years 2017 to 2019 (50%) and two between the years 2021 to 2022 (30%). Regarding the type of methodology applied in the articles selected for this work, 4 were literature review studies (40%), four descriptive studies (40%), one qualitative study (10%) and one intervention research (10%). The Portuguese language was predominant among the selected studies, which can also be found in different databases in English. The topic addressed was divided into two subtopics, where five articles (50%) portrayed the prevalence and prevention of arterial hypertension and five (50%) on nursing care in disease prevention. Conclusion: The nurse's role in disease prevention is carried out through health education, which makes it possible to raise awareness among the population about changing lifestyle habits, eating habits and disseminating information that contributes to the autonomy of these individuals, who come to understand and health-disease process, and their care. Key words: Arterial Hypertension; Nursing; Elderly Population.