Síndrome de Sjögren Primária: revisão sobre o diagnóstico e a imunopatologia

Abstract

Objective: To describe the diagnosis and immunopathology of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (PSS). Bibliographic review: SSP is a systemic autoimmune disease, which mainly promotes inflammatory damage in the lacrimal and salivary glands, through lymphocytic tissue infiltration and can also affect extraglandular tissues. Regarding their immunopathology, it is known that T and B cells play equally relevant roles. Studies reveal that CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), produced by Th1 cells and IL-17, produced by the Th17 cell, which contribute to inflammation and damage to the salivary glands. B cells, on the other hand, are responsible for the formation of ectopic lymphoid tissue and overproduction of autoantibodies, mainly Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) and anti-A antigen (anti-SSA) antibodies, which are fundamental in the development of the disease. SSP is diagnosed using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and American-European Consensus Group (AECG) diagnostic criteria. Final considerations: The immunopathogenesis of SSP involves the participation of T cells, B cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies. Improving the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of SSP is essential for the development of new and more effective diagnostic methods and the creation of innovative therapeutic options.