Metodologias práticas em ciências nos anos finais do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The teaching of science promotes in students the ability to develop or increase their intellectual autonomy. Basic education faces problems such as lack of interest on the part of students, lack of motivation and also lack of understanding of the contents. Teaching through practical methodologies is essential to obtain positive results, allowing the student to better understand the theory of a given content. The objective of this work was to analyze the practical methodologies in science teaching from 6th to 9th grades of elementary school through a systematic bibliographic review and to verify if the use of practical methodologies really motivates and awakens interest in students in science classes. Articles, theses, dissertations and monographs published on websites were analyzed, extracted from Google Scholar databases, scholar.google.com.br and www.scielo.br, doit.com.br. Investigations report that theoretical classes are not enough for students' learning, therefore it is necessary that there is a relationship between them and practice, because when theory works together with practice, the better results are obtained. Investigations argue that experimental classes are essential in science teaching, as they allow students to research, be critical and draw conclusions. The articles demonstrate examples of practical lessons such as mockups, games, experiments and field lessons. Through the analyzes carried out, the articles proved that the use of practical methodologies in science classes promoted improvements in teaching and learning for students from 6th to 9th grade of elementary school, reducing disinterest and lack of motivation, increasing the level of understanding of students.