A evolução dos motores a reação e seu impacto no meio ambiente

Abstract

This study focuses on aeronautical engines’ evolution, as an inevitable process for the growth expected for the airline industry, and the socio-environmental impacts present in this context. Important aspects were considered for the transformation of powertrain systems, from their advent to the present day, including the positive and negative effects of this advance. Some of them are related to the intensity of air traffic, which grows continuously and, along with this, the particles of harmful gases released into the atmosphere increase. Such gases, resulting from the burning of fossil fuel, are eliminated by the aircraft engines and can cause serious social and environmental problems to the planet, such as the increase in global warming, health disorders resulting from aeronautical noise and a chain of expenses for the system. The issue has been widely discussed by experts and by global regulatory agencies, such as the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), with the aim of raising awareness and providing support to the aeronautical industries to develop projects that aim to mitigate the mentioned impacts. As a research methodology, we chose the basic nature, with an exploratory objective and a qualitative approach, using material that highlights innovative projects already present in the market. In this sense, the projects of aeronautical industries such as Embraer and CFM, which adopt modern motorization, as well as those of the Airbus Industry, in progress, consistent with the development propulsion aircraft zero pollutant, or studies of the team composed by Dan YE, Jun LI and Jau TANG, who suggest the possibility of plasma engine. Technology is dynamic and the hypotheses point to positive results in the short and medium term.