O retorno do euroceticismo? Uma análise dos impactos da crise financeira na identidade europeia

Abstract

This paper analyzes Euroscepticism from the impacts of the 2008 financial crisis on the European Union with a focus on the European identity bias. To achieve this objective, qualitative analysis of a bibliographic review on the construction of the European Union, the formation of identity, the 2008 crisis and right-wing extremism, among other complementary themes for the debate, is used. Furthermore, journalistic sources and Eurobarometer opinion polls are used to support the national and supranational cases mentioned and the popular reactions, respectively. In this way, the levels of confidence in the European Union and the perception of the population, especially in the period of crisis, of the action of institutions are addressed. Thus, in the period of integration of the bloc and establishment of its institutional arrangements, plus the formation of a European identity, the course of the crisis and its key factors in the EU, an analysis of Euroscepticism by popular bias and the rise of the extreme right in the post-crisis. In this context, it was possible to see that the rise of Euroscepticism and the extreme right in Europe, despite being strengthened by the economic crisis, cannot be explained solely by it, being the result of a conversion of historical, political, and social issues, mainly related to cultural and identity factors, in a context of multiculturalism and globalization