Análise das intoxicações exógenas em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Objective: analyze within the literature exogenous intoxications caused in children and adolescentes. Method: the literature review method was used, which allows us to synthesize, evaluate and identify studies already carried out by health professionals and academics on a given topic. In this work, the steps for the integrative review proposed by Botelho, Cunha and Macedo (2011) were followed, in a simplified way. Results: the final sample of this review consisted of 19 scientific articles. Regarding the consequences of exogenous poisoning for the body, death, seizures, lowered level of consciousness, fasciculations and respiratory instability were highlighted. Regarding the knowledge of mothers or guardians of children regarding the risk of accidents with toxic agents, the lack of knowledge of guardians on how to avoid toxic accidents was highlighted, lack of information of guardians of the child regarding the administration of medication and not carrying out a direct supervision of the vulnerable individual. The main prevention actions highlighted were to strengthen health education with educational campaigns as well as supervision by government agencies to improve the quality of life of the population and restrict access to highly lethal methods of suicide. In terms of treatment, there was emphasis on gastric lavage and use of nasogastric tube, use of activated charcoal, hemodialysis and hemoperfusion, administering a specific antidote to neutralize the specific toxic. Conclusion: Exogenous poisoning in children and adolescents is still very frequent, making it extremely important that preventive measures are carried out correctly. Parents or guardians must pay attention to children and adolescents, observe their behavior and, if necessary, seek professional help and not be afraid to seek this help.