Técnicas fisioterapêuticas no tratamento da dismenorreia primária: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is characterized by painful menstrual cramps, occurs during menstruation or a few hours before, with signs and symptoms represented by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, low back pain, nervousness, dizziness, headache and abdominal pain. Objective: To describe and discuss, from an integrative literature review, the indication and effects of physical therapy techniques on symptoms caused by primary dysmenorrhea. Methodology: The research was carried out from February to December 2021 and it was a literature review carried out in the PEDro, SciELO and PubMed databases. For this review, experimental studies and other research with intervention published between 2000 and 2021 in Portuguese, English and Spanish were considered. Results: The 6 studies found evaluated the effects of physical therapy techniques in the management of symptoms caused by primary dysmenorrhea, namely, acupuncture, therapeutic exercise program, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), therapeutic massage and isometric exercises and manipulation of connective tissue. All were effective in reducing or eliminating the discomfort and limitations imposed by primary dysmenorrhea. Final considerations: There is a need for further studies in this area, expanding the knowledge and domain of physical therapy resources applied to primary dysmenorrhea.