A influência de práticas lúdicas para humanização do atendimento à criança: revisão integrativa

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction. The scenario of hospitalizations according to the age group under 1 year, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, in the period Jan/2021, in Brazil and Goiás, leads to reflection on the factors involved in the process of hospitalization and its consequences, as well as the relevance of humanized care to make this period as traumatic as possible GOMES; FERNANDES; NÓBREGA, 2016).The study by Marques et al (2016) states that during hospitalization, children spend most of their time with health professionals, especially with the nursing staff. Playful practices emerge as a proposal for the humanization of care for hospitalized children, with a view to welcoming and ensuring family life and in a perspective of comprehensive care as proposed by the National Policy for Comprehensive Child Health Care - PNAISC (BRASIL, 2015; MORAES; BUFFA; MOTTI, 2009; MELO et al., 2016). In this scenario, there is the possibility of using Cosplay, a “custom player”, an American habit of dressing up in comic book conventions in the 1970, with clothes of their favorite characters. Celebrated by Star Trek and Star Wars fans, the practice became more frequent and organized with the advent of the “anime” fever. Fans of Japanese comics and cartoons have absorbed the habit, and cosplay is nowadays a phenomenon that mobilizes people from all over the world (MORENO; OLIVEIRA, 2009). Goal. Describe the use of playful practices in the humanized care of hospitalized children, with emphasis on Cosplay as a communication modality used in the hospital environment, especially in pediatrics. Methodology. Integrative review, characterized as an important methodological resource that provides the synthesis of knowledge and the incorporation of the applicability of results of significant studies in practice. This type of study is based on six phases classified into: (1) elaboration of the guiding question; (2) literature search or sampling; (3) data collection; (4) critical analysis of the included studies; (5) discussion of results; (6) presentation of the integrative review. Results and discussion. 2,250 articles were identified, of which 2,214 were excluded for not being relevant to the central focus on the use of playful practices in the humanized care of hospitalized children. From this filter, 36 articles were selected and 27 were excluded. Therefore, 9 articles were definitively included, fully meeting the defined criteria. The search for articles on academic Google was also carried out, where 13 articles were found, 12 being excluded for being incompatible with the focus in question, and 01 study met the established criteria. Therefore, 10 articles fully met the defined criteria and were definitively included. The studies included covered the period from 2014 to 2021, and it was noted that the theme stood out from 2020 with 30% of the publications. The studies reported on playful practices carried out in health units, and their benefits during the treatment of hospitalized children. The types of articles included exploratory descriptive, literature review and field study. They highlighted Nursing and playful practices, described under different contexts and realities. It was noted that hospitalization, invasive and painful procedures are difficult times for hospitalized children. However, the studies highlighted, as a way to alleviate this suffering, the inclusion in the care process, in the systematization of nursing care and in the hospital routine, playing, playing and the use of therapeutic toys. It was highlighted that the presence of Cosplayer can also include children with physical limitations in this playful practice and that there are several ways of working with art as a form of expression. Conclusion: It was concluded that playful practices used as a communication process in the hospital environment, especially in pediatrics, have a significant relevance for obtaining positive results in the treatment and recovery of hospitalized children. The study made it possible to highlight Cosplay and its applicability and also to suggest the importance of health professionals, especially nurses, to expand their knowledge, understand and adopt the use of playful practices during the treatment of hospitalized children, in an ever-increasing way, more constant.