A utilização de veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT) em Goiânia e mecanismos de controle

Abstract

The present study aims to demonstrate that the irregular use of aeronautical technology, which is in increasing development, called UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), commonly called ‘drone’ – used for military, civilian and hobby purposes, in addition to violating air safety standards, can result in incidents or accidents. The means of UAVs’ control currently available in Brazil were taken into consideration by the research in order to identify the protocols to be followed with a sight of their proper use, according to the area of overflight. The research’s objective is to elucidate the appropriate use of the UAV and try to understand how the inspection by competent Brazilian Public Entities focused on risk mitigation occurs. Goiânia's air space was chosen to verify occurrences with this type of equipment and the degree of risk that its irregular use involves. Based on a basic and descriptive methodology of bibliographic and documentary procedures – having as sources books, scientific articles, news published in the local and national press, periodicals, as well as consulting documents from ANAC, DECEA and INFRAERO, the body responsible for the air traffic control – it was possible to identify some hindrances in the control of the use of UAVs. One of the important norms on the subject consists of Law 7.565, of 1986 (Aeronautical Code), which establishes the punishment of any individual who comes to violate the UAV flight requirements and protocols, in addition to the regulations, instructions and ordinances issued by aeronautical authorities, such as RBAC-E 94 and MCA 56-2, which establish guidelines for its proper use. Despite the existence of regulations on the subject, it can be concluded that, due to the lack of radar technology sufficiently capable of identifying each and every UAV on the Air Traffic Controller ATC screen, regardless of its size or material of manufacture – in order to improve the two-way communication between the UAV operator, the manned aircraft in flight and the air control –, the use of UAVs still significantly compromising the Brazilian airspace, and the Goiânia’s one, specifically, placing local flights at constant risk of collision.