Alterações cromossômicas como causa de aborto espontâneo no primeiro trimestre de gestação: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To identify chromosomal abnormalities associated with miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy through a systematic review of studies published worldwide. Methodology: This is a systematic review of the literature, of publications around the world, about the chromosomal abnormalities that are causes of miscarriage, in the first trimester of pregnancy, in the last 20 years. Results: This study included 17 articles, with a total sample of 10,951 abortion products analyzed. Of these, 5,083 (46.5%) had normal karyotype and, in 5,868 products of conception, chromosomal anomalies were identified, representing 53.5%. Aneuploidies were the most frequent alterations and there was a predominance of trisomies, which accounted for 62.1% of chromosome disorders, followed by polyploidies (12.7%) and X chromosome monosomy (12.2%). Other changes were also identified, but less frequently. Regarding maternal age, about 61.6% of the changes occurred in mothers aged 35 years or over. Conclusion: Chromosomal anomalies have an important impact on pregnancy losses. Therefore, the analysis of the product of conception is of fundamental importance to clarify the cause of abortion.