Desenvolvimento humano e economia política internacional no caso venezuelano: uma análise sobre os aspectos socioeconômicos do governo Nicolás Maduro

Abstract

For a long time, it was understood that the concept of development was only about economic growth. However, this understanding remained in force until the 1980s, when the Declaration on the Right to Development expanded the understanding of the term to a vision that is linked to people's quality of life, to the improvement of socioeconomic well-being rates and to the satisfaction of requirements, while it can also be seen as the process of expanding people's freedoms as people enjoy. The concept of development, guaranteed primarily through freedom, can be promoted, above all, under a liberal-democratic State, which respects the political rights and individual freedoms of each one. For this reason, this final thesis makes a theoretical construction to examine the case of a country in which there is an economic, political and social crisis: Venezuela, currently governed by Nicolás Maduro. Due to the multifaceted crisis, it is understood that the Human Right to Development may not be guaranteed in the country and, therefore, it is necessary to understand how this situation happened - for that, this thesis uses the International Political Economy, a perspective that studies the relations between (State) politics and the economy, and that seeks to overcome the limitations of these theoretical fields, as well as the purpose of analyse, with the help of other areas of knowledge, the events of the international economic system. Thus, through a perspective that combines the approaches of Human Development (understood as a right) and International Political Economy, the work ends with an analysis of Venezuela's socioeconomic data, focusing on the period in which Nicolás Maduro rules the country.