Microalbuminúria como marcador precoce de lesão glomerular em indivíduos com descontrole glicêmico

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate microalbuminuria as an early marker of glomerular injury in individuals with poor glycemic control treated at a university laboratory, assessing its applicability as a screening tool for incipient renal dysfunction. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical, and retrospective study conducted between 2022 and 2025 at the Clinical Laboratory of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC Goiás). A total of 142 adult patients (≥18 years) were included, all with alterations in at least one of the following tests: fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or microalbuminuria. Data were obtained from electronic medical records and analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The sample consisted of 58.5% women and 41.5% men, with a mean age of 64.6±15.3 years. The mean values were: blood glucose 156.4±77.3 mg/dL, HbA1c 7.7±2.3%, and microalbuminuria 152.9±626.9 mcg/mg, showing wide interindividual variability. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 48.6% of patients for blood glucose, 63.4% for HbA1c, and 20.4% for microalbuminuria. Patients with HbA1c ≥6.5% showed a higher frequency of altered microalbuminuria, suggesting a correlation between poor glycemic control and subclinical renal damage. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria proved to be an early,