Perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e funcional de pacientes hospitalizados com diagnóstico funcional de hipoinsuflação pulmonar

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary hypoinflation is characterized by a reduction in lung volumes and capacities, and is frequently identified in hospitalized individuals with functional impairment. The assessment of pulmonary function and the sociodemographic, clinical, and functional profile can contribute to a better understanding of this condition and to guiding physiotherapy interventions. Objective: To characterize the sociodemographic, clinical, and functional profile of hospitalized patients with a functional diagnosis of pulmonary hypoinflation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 53 patients hospitalized at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Goiânia between March 2023 and July 2024. Sociodemographic, clinical, and functional information was collected, including pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, thoracoabdominal cirtometry, and functional capacity. Results: The sample had a mean age of 57,28 years, with a predominance of males (60.4%) and a higher proportion of overweight and obese patients (mean BMI 26.10 kg/m2). Most patients were hospitalized in the cardiology ward (71.7%), were non-smokers (62.3%), and reported being sedentary (81.1%). A significant association was observed between sedentary lifestyle and worse FEV1 values (p<0.001) and chest circumference measurements (xiphoid p = 0.030 and umbilical p = 0.005), in addition to better functional performance in younger individuals and males. Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with a functional diagnosis of pulmonary hypoinflation are predominantly male, with low educational attainment and a high burden of cardiovascular disease. From a functional point of view, significant ventilatory impairment was observed, characterized by reductions in lung volumes, respiratory muscle strength, and thoracic mobility, as well as reduced overall functional performance. It was also identified that factors such as sedentary lifestyle, sex, and age significantly influence these outcomes, especially FEV1 values and thoracic mobility.