Aplicabilidade da nutrigenômica na prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the feasibility, in the available scientific literature, of applying nutrigenomics in the prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Method: An integrative literature review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology for study selection. The following descriptors were employed: “Nutrigenomics,” “Non-Communicable Diseases,” “Obesity,” “Cardiovascular Diseases,” “Diabetes Mellitus,” “Hypertension,” and “Neoplasms.” The descriptor “Nutrigenomics” was combined with the others using the boolean operator “AND.” The search was carried out in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) database, including articles published in the last 10 years in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Articles unrelated to the prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases were excluded. Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were selected. The results highlighted the potential of nutrigenomics to personalize nutritional interventions based on genetic profiles, identifying genes such as FTO, TCF7L2, APOE, and MTHFR, associated with the modulation of inflammation, lipid metabolism, glycemic control, and weight management. Interventions such as the Mediterranean diet and specific supplementation showed benefits in gene modulation. However, challenges such as high costs, limited infrastructure, and patient adherence hinder widespread clinical application. Conclusion: Nutrigenomics represents a promising approach for the prevention of non-communicable diseases, with positive results in metabolic and inflammatory modulation. However, its practical implementation faces challenges related to economic accessibility, technological infrastructure, and adherence. Integrating this science into public health systems, such as the Unified Health System (SUS), is essential to ensure its democratization and impact on population health.