Impacto da dieta e estilo de vida na síndrome dos ovários policísticos: evidências de uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Its etiology involves genetic and environmental factors, with emphasis on the influence of nutrition and lifestyle. Objective: To investigate the influence of nutrition and lifestyle on the clinical and metabolic manifestation of PCOS. Methods: A narrative review was performed based on the search for original articles in the PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases, using the keywords “polycystic ovarian syndrome” OR “nutrition and polycystic ovarian syndrome”. Results: Most participants were overweight or obese, conditions that aggravate the metabolic comorbidities associated with the syndrome, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The results indicate that the adoption of low-calorie diets, preferably with foods with high nutritional value and anti-inflammatory properties, associated with regular physical exercise, promotes significant improvement in metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory markers, in addition to reducing body weight and clinical symptoms. Strategies such as intermittent fasting and probiotic supplementation showed potential, but require additional studies for validation. Psychosocial aspects also influence the management of PCOS, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary support. Conclusion: Integrated interventions involving nutrition, physical activity and psychological monitoring are essential for clinical control and for improving the quality of life of women with PCOS.