ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DO PERFIL LIPÍDICO DE PACIENTES ATENDIDOS EM LABORATÓRIO ESCOLA: ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DE 2023

Abstract

Introduction: The standard routine lipid profile is of great importance for detecting lipid abnormalities. It consists of the direct plasma measurement of neutral lipids: triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, along with the calculation of VLDL, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol based on the results of these serum levels using the Friedewald Formula and, in most cases, the Martin Formula. Dyslipidemia is defined as an alteration in the composition of circulating plasma lipids and lipoproteins. The diagnosis includes isolated hypercholesterolemia, isolated hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia, and isolated reduction of HDL-c, or in association with increased LDL-c or triglycerides. The etiological classification is divided into primary – of genetic origin, and secondary – related to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Objective: To provide an up-to-date analysis of the prevalence and incidence of dyslipidemias in a population group from the municipality of Goiânia and surrounding areas, based on lipid profile results of patients from the Clinical Laboratory of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, attended through the Unified Health System (SUS) from January to December 2023. Methodology: The most recent studies and guidelines from the last 10 years, prioritizing those from the past 5 years, were reviewed from books and documents, clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, reviews, and systematic reviews. In addition, data were collected through the digital platform “PC LAB ONLINE” with test results from the Clinical Laboratory of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás and analyzed using the Student's t-test on the BioEstat 5.0 platform. Results: A total of 1,916 patients over the age of 60 were selected, including 1,151 women (60.1%) and 765 men (39.9%). In the analysis of total cholesterol values among patients of the LC PUC GO, a higher abnormality rate was observed among women. This abnormality was also seen in the analysis of triglyceride levels (fasting and non-fasting) and LDL-C. Conclusion: It is expected that this analysis will clearly communicate to society and other healthcare professionals the risks and socioeconomic impact of dyslipidemia, as well as contribute to studies and scientific production in this field, improving understanding and assisting in the development of new strategies for managing lipid disorders.