AUTONOMIA DAS BATERIAS EM EVTOLS: DESAFIOS TÉCNICOS E SOLUÇÕES PARA A MOBILIDADE AÉREA URBANA

Abstract

This study analyzed the technical challenges associated with battery autonomy, a relevant aspect for the operational viability of electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles (eVTOL). Through a theoretical review, the four main eVTOL configurations (Multicopter, Lift & Cruise, Tilt Wing/Tilt Rotor and Ducted Vectored Thrust) and five energy storage technologies (lithium-ion, solid-state, sodium-ion, lithium-sulfur and graphene) were analyzed. The results demonstrate that, while lithium-ion batteries remain the most viable solution in the short term, solid-state and lithium-sulfur technologies offer significant advantages in terms of energy density and safety. The study also highlights the importance of battery management systems (BMS) in contributing to the efficiency and operational safety of these aircraft. It is concluded that advances in battery development, associated with advances in aerodynamics and energy management, will be decisive in achieving urban air mobility on a commercial scale, with significant environmental and economic benefits.