Aprimoramento do Sistema Imunológico Através da Atividade Física Aeróbica: Uma Meta-Análise

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze, through a meta-analysis, the effects of aerobic physical activity on the immune system, considering different exercise intensities and distinct populations. The methodology involved the careful selection of six studies published between 2016 and 2021, including systematic reviews, clinical trials, and cohort studies that evaluated the immunological impacts of activities such as walking, running, cycling, and interval training. The results showed that moderate- intensity aerobic exercise is associated with improved immune response, particularly through the positive modulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced immunosurveillance, especially among elderly individuals and healthy adults. On the other hand, high-intensity exercises, although beneficial for cardiovascular health, may lead to temporary immunosuppression, increasing vulnerability to infections, especially in high-performance athletes. The analysis also revealed that regularity and moderate intensity are key factors in maximizing the positive effects of physical exercise on immunity, helping to prevent infectious and inflammatory diseases. It is concluded that aerobic physical activity, when properly guided and periodized, is an effective tool for improving immune health, especially in vulnerable populations.