Desempenho esportivo com dietas onívoras e vegetarianas: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Plant-based diets have gained popularity due to health reasons, religious beliefs, or concerns about animal welfare. The impact of these diets on athletic performance has been studied, especially in relation to muscle recovery and hypertrophy, which are key areas for athletes engaged in resistance training. Objective: To analyze the influence of omnivorous and vegetarian diets on athletic performance, considering factors such as muscle recovery, hypertrophy, and physical performance. Methods: A literature review of clinical trials was conducted, selecting studies that investigated the effect of plant-based diets on the athletic performance of physically active adults. The search was carried out in the PubMed database using descriptors such as "vegetarian", "sport", and "muscle strength". Results: Adequate protein intake, whether from plant or animal sources, leads to similar gains in strength and muscle mass. However, plant protein, when consumed without proper complementation, may impair physical performance and muscle recovery. Additionally, deficiencies in micronutrients such as vitamin B12, iron, and vitamin D may occur, especially among vegetarians, suggesting a need for supplementation. Conclusion: A diet that provides adequate amounts of micronutrients and macronutrients can support good outcomes for athletes, regardless of whether they follow a vegetarian or omnivorous diet. This is typically achieved through well balanced diets in both groups.