O efeito da suplementação de cafeína no desempenho esportivo em ambientes quentes: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Caffeine is widely used by athletes for its ergogenic potential, particularly for modulating perceived exertion and stimulating the central nervous system. However, its effects under high-temperature conditions remain controversial. Objective: To investigate the effects of caffeine supplementation on sports performance in hot environments. Methods: A narrative review was conducted based on randomized clinical trials in humans, published between 2014 and 2024 in the PubMed database. Studies evaluating variables such as time to exhaustion, core body temperature, cardiovascular responses, and perceived exertion were included. Results: Of the nine studies analyzed, 44% reported improvements in sports performance, especially with moderate doses (3 mg/kg) during short-duration exercises. On the other hand, 44% of the studies indicated significant adverse effects, such as increased body temperature, thermal discomfort, and impaired thermoregulation. Conclusion: Caffeine supplementation may offer ergogenic benefits in hot environments, but its use should be approached with caution due to physiological risks. Prescription should be individualized, and further studies with greater methodological standardization and representative samples are needed.