Ocorrência de alterações tireoidianas laboratoriais em pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Clínico da PUC-Goiás, em Goiânia-Goiás, nos anos de 2022 e 2023

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to observe the occurrence of thyroid alterations in patients treated at the Clinical Laboratory of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, in Goiânia, during the years 2022 and 2023. The research seeks to contribute to the understanding of the epidemiological profile of thyroid dysfunctions in the region. Methodology: The study is cross-sectional and quantitative in nature, analyzing laboratory data from 1,298 patients. Data collection included specific thyroid markers (anti-TPO, anti-TG, TSH, and total T4), in addition to the variables age and sex. The inclusion criteria were patients with alterations in at least one of the thyroid markers, resulting in the inclusion of 179 individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office® Excel 2024 and Jamovi software, with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, respecting ethical guidelines and ensuring the privacy of the participants. Results: Among the 1,298 tests analyzed, 69.26% were female. Of the 179 inclusions, 68.71% were female. It was observed that 17.85% of the Anti-TG tests and 22.22% of the Anti-TPO tests presented altered results. Regarding total T4, 16.08% of the results were altered, and for TSH, 11.34% presented alterations. The average age of patients with alterations was approximately 41 years. The data corroborate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions among women, especially in the age group of 40 to 60 years. Conclusion: The study highlights that thyroid dysfunctions are a significant health problem, mainly affecting women of reproductive age. The results confirm the prevalence of these dysfunctions and the need for a more comprehensive diagnostic approach, suggesting the inclusion of free T4 dosages. Despite limitations, such as the lack of correlation with clinical data, the study contributes to the epidemiological understanding of thyroid dysfunctions in Goiânia. The findings highlight the importance of early screening and analysis of multiple thyroid markers for more accurate diagnosis, informing public health strategies in the region.