Produção científica acerca das condutas da assistência à saúde na atenção à gestante vítima de violência doméstica

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Domestic violence against women, especially during pregnancy, represents a public health problem with serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus. This period is marked by physiological, psychological, and social changes that can increase the woman's vulnerability. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze scientific evidence on healthcare practices in the care of pregnant women who are victims of domestic violence. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review, conducted in six stages according to the methodology proposed by Souza et al. (2010), with the guiding question: What are the healthcare practices for identifying and caring for pregnant women who are victims of domestic violence? Descriptors such as “Violence against Women,” “Pregnancy,” “Nursing Care,” and “Prenatal Care” were used, applied to the PUBMED, LILACS, and SCIELO databases, with articles published between 2014 and 2024. Studies in Portuguese, English, and Spanish that addressed the role of healthcare professionals in identifying and caring for pregnant women who are victims of domestic violence were included. RESULTS: The results indicated that psychological and physical violence are the most prevalent forms, often perpetrated by intimate partners. The identification strategies and practices adopted by healthcare professionals, particularly nursing staff, during prenatal care are essential for early identification of violence and the implementation of appropriate interventions. CONCLUSION: Based on the review conducted, it was observed that, although prenatal care provides frequent opportunities for contact with healthcare professionals, there were failures in screening and support for pregnant women, as well as a lack of training for professionals, which hindered early identification and referral of victims. Furthermore, sociodemographic factors such as marital status, education, nationality, and ethnicity are important determinants in protecting against violence. The study emphasizes the importance of training healthcare teams so they can play an effective role in detecting and supporting pregnant women in situations of violence, contributing to minimizing the negative impacts and promoting maternal and child health.