Estado de exceção: a necropolítica na gestão dos indesejáveis

Abstract

This work analyzes the transformation of the State of Exception into a permanent technique of governance in contemporary democracies, highlighting its connection with Liquid Authoritarianism and Necropolitics. Based on the theoretical contributions of Carl Schmitt, Giorgio Agamben and Pedro Serrano, it examines how the State of Exception, initially conceived as a temporary measure for moments of crisis, became a regular and essential mechanism for neoliberalism. This phenomenon, defined by Serrano as Liquid Authoritarianism, configures a form of authoritarian control that operates within democracies without the need for formal interventions, maintaining an appearance of legal normality. Furthermore, the work explores Necropolitics, a concept by Achille Mbembe, which reveals the most extreme side of the State of Exception: the state decision on the life and death of marginalized groups, especially peripheral, black and indigenous populations. In Brazil, this practice is legitimized by the discourse of public security, resulting in policies of repression and exclusion aimed at these social sectors. The research argues that the State of Exception, Liquid Authoritarianism and Necropolitics do not represent temporary measures, but rather regular instruments of control, reflecting a structural pattern that undermines democracy and human rights.