Achados audiológicos em indivíduos com síndrome de Down atendidos na associação Down de Goiás

Abstract

Introduction: The hearing of individuals with Down Syndrome can be compromised by congenital malformations, recurrent otitis, and early presbycusis, which can affect speech comprehension and auditory perception at different sound intensities. These factors can significantly impair linguistic development, delaying acquisition and clarity in communication. General Objective: The research aims to determine whether audiological findings in individuals with Down Syndrome affect hearing ability. Method: The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 15 participants with Down Syndrome attended at the Down Association of Goiás (ASDOWN). Approved by the CEP/PUC Goiás under number 6.421.758, the following procedures were performed: anamnesis, otoscopy, pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, immittance testing with acoustic reflex and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Results: The results indicate that 47% of the individuals had excessive cerumen, considered unfit. Of the remainder, 60% had hearing thresholds within normal limits and 40% had sensorineural hearing loss. A bilateral "A" type curve, acoustic reflexes, and DPOAEs at frequencies from 2000 to 6000 Hz were also found in all individuals who attended the examination. Conclusion: The research identified three main aspects in the audiological profile of individuals with Down Syndrome: ear canal obstruction, sensorineural hearing loss, and normal hearing. The first two factors negatively impact auditory perception and communication, hindering linguistic and social development. Therefore, it is essential to implement prevention and early diagnosis programs, as well as continue studies to identify changes that may affect auditory health and development of individuals.