Interferências gênicas no hipotireoidismo

Abstract

The metabolic processes present in the human body can be influenced by the actions of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, when it presents alterations, causes neurocognitive clinical manifestations as a phenotypic effect in the individual, based on decreasing T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), leading to hypothyroidism, which affects approximately 200 m illion people in the world. Hypothyroidism is due to several etiological sources, including viruses, drugs, autoimmunity and genetic manifestations. In view of these facts, the objective of this study is to identify the possible genetic interferences present in hypothyroidism, through a narrative review involving exploratory research with a qualitative approach through bibliographic and electronic information sources. The mutations present in the thyroid gland significantly compromise its function, leading to the appearance, in its majority, of congenital hypothyroidism. The hypothyroid evidence genes correspond to: TTF2, PAX-8, POUIF1, HESX1, PROP1, FOXE1, GLIS3, LHX3, TTF1, TSHR, DIO2, DUOX2 and NKX-2. With this study, the gene expressions capable of reaching the thyroid gland were endorsed and updated, providing a greater knowledge about it.