Desfechos da infecção pelo sars-cov-2 na população com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 vacinados: um revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been a global pandemic since 2020. The virus affects human cells by binding to ACE2, with potential inflammatory effects. Patients with DM2, a condition that involves chronic inflammation and glycemic dysregulation, face a higher risk of complications, including reduced insulin production due to the viral infection. Studies indicate that vaccination has a high impact on preventing and reducing mortality from COVID-19, including in people with DM2, although specific analyses for this population are limited. Objective: This study aims to review and describe the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated DM2 patients. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, based on the PRISMA protocol, with 1,576 articles initially screened for review, analyzed by inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a final selection of 28 articles for the preparation of this study. Results: The study addressed the pathophysiological relationship between type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) and COVID-19, highlighting a higher morbidity and mortality in patients with DM2. A detailed analysis of clinical factors revealed significant implications for prognosis, emphasizing vaccination as an effective strategy to prevent complications. Although no specific bibliographic references were found, the results reinforce the importance of understanding the DM2-COVID-19 interaction and highlight vaccination as a vital component in the management and prevention of complications. Discussion: The review highlights the significant connection between type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) and SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Multiple factors, such as insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, contribute to worse outcomes. The elevation of the ACE2 enzyme, associated with DM2, amplifies the severity of COVID-19. The relationship between diabetes and prognosis is mediated by "hyper inflammation". Diabetic patients face a higher risk of complications, coagulopathies, and exacerbated inflammation. Vaccination is emerging as a crucial strategy, despite immunological challenges in patients with uncontrolled DM2. Glycemic control is a determining factor in immunogenicity, highlighting the importance of careful management of these patients. Conclusion: The study highlighted the clinical interaction between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and COVID-19, emphasizing the heightened risks in T2DM patients. It emphasizes vaccination as a crucial preventive measure, considering the specific immune response of the group. The relationship between glycemic control and immunogenicity highlights the importance of careful management of DM2. Notes the lack of data on the evolution of COVID-19 in vaccinated diabetic patients.