Atualizações sobre o diagnóstico e controle evolutivo da infecção por HIV 1 e 2: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets CD4 T lymphocytes, mainly, and can cause a disease of great impact on public health, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Objective: The objective of the present study was to carry out an integrative review of the literature on scientific advances in diagnostic and treatment methods for HIV infection, in order to demonstrate the impact of these updates on the carrier's life expectancy. Methodology: An integrative review of the literature was carried out, through research in the databases: PubMed (National Center Biochnology Information), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Virtual Health Library (VHL). The descriptors used were HIV testing; AIDS Diagnosis, Anti-HIV/AIDS Agents/Medications; HIV-1/HIV-2 genetics; The DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors) requirements, and 20 articles published in the period from 2018 to 2024 were included through the present study. Results and discussion: Updates in treatment and diagnosis are more present for HIV-1. Rapid tests and innovative technologies such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) facilitate diagnosis, while monoclonal antibody therapies and new antiretroviral agents offer alternative treatment options. However, the lack of innovations specific to HIV-2 highlights the need for more research in this area to improve treatment, diagnostic and prevention options for people affected by this variant of the virus. Conclusion: Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV bring hope for improving the quality of life of HIV sufferers.