Violência obstétrica - uma análise do conteúdo abordado em teses e dissertações

Abstract

Introduction: Violence in today's society has several faces and a particular type has drawn attention because it is related to health care: obstetric violence. Objective: This study aimed to carry out a critical analysis of obstetric violence in order to elucidate how this problem has been addressed in theses and dissertations. Method: The present study consisted of an integrative literature review and analyzed 7 dissertations and 1 thesis published between 2013 and 2023 addressing obstetric violence. Results: Qualitative analysis and categorization of the aspects discussed about obstetric violence were carried out, taking into account the research question, arriving at the following categories: concept of violence; concept of obstetric violence; legal aspects of obstetric violence; vulnerability and obstetric violence. Final considerations: It is concluded that violence is a social phenomenon that has a historical, multidetermined and complex character; consists of violation of rights and is related to domination and objectification of the subject. The studies analyzed are based on the definition of obstetric violence established by the World Health Organization, however they go beyond it and contribute to expanding the understanding of this phenomenon by including social, cultural factors and power relations that are at its origin in the concept of obstetric violence. . From a legal point of view, obstetric violence is portrayed as a violation of human rights as it disrespects the fundamental prerogatives of women in labor such as dignity, autonomy and freedom. Regarding vulnerability, studies show that women who suffer obstetric violence are the most vulnerable and in general also suffer processes of social exclusion, with the majority being brown or black and with less education. Greater awareness and changes in practices for women in the reproductive process are necessary, promoting evidence-based practices, respecting women's autonomy and fundamental human rights during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.