Complicações do processo gestacional decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019. The viral disease can be asymptomatic or present symptoms of greater complexity. Pregnancy exacerbates the course of COVID-19 infection compared to non-pregnant women of the same age. The need to investigate this issue arises from the vulnerability of pregnant individuals to the infection, the number of infected patients admitted to the ICU, the specificity of their care, and the scarcity of available information or a multitude of criteria on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, hindering timely corrective action. Objectives: Map the complications of the COVID19 pandemic for pregnant women. Method: This is an integrative review study, descriptors: pregnant women; Covid-19; prenatal; search carried out in the LILACS and Medline databases. Results and Discussion: Regarding the evidenced complications, we can highlight that 8% of the analyzed texts directly associated hematological complications, 8% with respiratory complications, and 8% with preterm birth. Hematological complications included a sudden reduction in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocytosis, described as an adverse outcome in the first 24 hours, resulting from other complications such as immunological compromise 8%; bleeding 8%, thrombocytopenia 12%, and electrolyte imbalance 4%. The most frequent respiratory repercussions were associated with respiratory failure 16%; pulmonary hypertension 8%; vascular perfusion impairment 4%, severe pneumonia 4%, and histopathological changes 4%. Other complications were related to perinatal complications 4%, uterine growth restriction 4%, preterm birth 8%, gestational diabetes 8%, emergency cesareans 4%, and death 4%. Final Considerations: The results of this research emphasize the need for investment in a multifaceted approach, including public health policies and education to ensure instruction and awareness regarding the risks inherent to pregnant individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.