Efeito do padrão alimentar vegano ou vegetariano em fatores cardiometabólicos: uma revisão de literatura científica

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate in the scientific literature the effect of vegetarian and vegan diet on cardiometabolic factors.Methods: Review of scientific literature with research in Scielo, Google Scholar, Capes Periodicals, PubMed and Science Direct between February and September 2020. The articles used for the study were those published between 2007 and 2018 in English and Portuguese using the following health descriptors (DeCS): vegetarian diet (diet vegeterian), metabolic syndrome (metabolicsyndrome), vegan diet (diet vegan), abdominal obesity (abdominalobesity), dyslipidemias (dyslipidemias), systemic arterial hypertension (systemicarterialhypertension) and diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus). In addition, the following search terms were also used: risk factors (risk factors), parameters of the metabolic syndrome (metabolicsyndromeparameters) and cardiovascular complications (cardiovascular) Results: 10 clinical trials were evaluated with 879 pairs with cardiometabolic diagnoses such as hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes (DM2), overweight, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), dyslipidemia or ischemic heart disease (IHD), with a BMI ranging from 25 to 43.3 kg / m2, age from 18 to 82 years. After intervention, there was an improvement in anthropometry, body composition, lipid profile, glycemic profile, blood pressure and inflammation. Conclusion: The positive effects that vegetarian and vegan diets have compared with omnivorous diets in relation to cardiometabolic factors were expressive.