Diabetes mellitus gestacional: quais são as consequências para a mãe e o bebê?

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is caused by an increase in the concentration of pregnancy-related hormones, which leads to insulin resistance in women. This study aimed to conduct an integrative literature review on GDM and its consequences for both the mother and the baby, addressing aspects related to diagnosis, as well as the reality of primary care provided in Brazil. An integrative review was carried out to consolidate current knowledge on this specific topic, including various types of studies, both experimental and non-experimental. Searches were conducted in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (BVS), National Center for Biotechnology Information (PubMed), and ScienceDirect. After reviewing 24 references, it was observed that GDM brings a range of complications for both the mother and the fetus, affecting not only pregnancy but also the postpartum period. Diagnostic tests and treatments are available through the healthcare system to detect and manage this condition early on, but women with low incomes face more difficulty in accessing them. Access to basic healthcare, including early diagnosis, proper monitoring, and medications/supplies, is essential to reduce the risks and complications of GDM. However, access remains a challenge in Brazil, especially for low-income women.