Repercussões na saúde mental de mulheres mastectomizadas: revisão da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Breast Cancer - CA is the most prevalent among women in the world, with approximately 2.3 million recent cases in the year 2020, equivalent to 24.5% of new cases. , and the late diagnosis of the disease is considered one of the worsening conditions. Objective: This study aims to report the repercussions on the mental health of women who have undergone a mastectomy, according to the literature. Methodology: This is a literature review study, of the narrative type. The time frame was from 2018 to 2023, the searches were carried out in the BVS (Virtual Health Library|) databases, coordinated by BIREME and composed of Latin American Literature databases (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online ( Medline), SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online, and CAPES Periodicals. 16 studies were analyzed. Results: Three categories of analysis were used: feelings experienced by mastectomized women, interference in life and in the future, actions of the multidisciplinary team in humanized care and quality. Feelings such as fear, anguish, guilt, sadness, insecurity, anxiety, anger, compromised self-image and low selfesteem were identified, interferences in life and in the future were damage to marital life, change in sexual behavior, social isolation and family, functional limitations of shoulder range of motion, pain when moving and muscle weakness. As for the actions of the multidisciplinary team, health education developed by nurses, post-surgical rehabilitation performed by physiotherapy professionals and psychotherapeutic interventions developed by psychologists. Conclusion: It is evident that mastectomy causes significant changes in women's lives, affecting self-image, self-esteem and quality of life, in addition to triggering emotional and physical disorders and leading to impairments in the socialization process. Therefore, it is essential that the understanding of breast loss and breast reconstruction go hand in hand with therapeutic actions, knowing how to accept the physical and emotional pain of these women.