As crenças e baixa adesão a vacina contra Covid-19: revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Even though there are several studies that prove the efficacy and benefits of the vaccine, there are people who are opposed to being vaccinated, and the factors that determine vaccine refusal are highly complex, as they can be attributed to the convergence of several factors, namely sociocultural, political and personal Objective: To carry out a review of the scientific literature on popular beliefs that are associated with low adherence to the vaccine against Covid-19. Methodology: This is a narrative review of the literature, referring to the period from 2020 to 2023, in Portuguese, using the Boolean operators AND and/or OR, in a search of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Google Scholar academic search engine. The keywords/descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS), adopted for the search for references were: (COVID-19 OR "new coronavirus"), AND (immunization OR vaccine), AND pandemic AND ("popular beliefs" OR " popular belief”), OR (belief OR “vaccination stigma”). Results: 990 articles were identified, after applying the screening and eligibility methods, 11 were selected for this study. Discussion: The study demonstrates the importance of creating public policies aimed at encouraging voluntary vaccination. Final considerations: It is concluded that, generally, the interpretation of vaccine risk by people who hesitate to vaccinate is not based on scientific evidence. Therefore, it is clear about the importance of public policies aimed at encouraging voluntary vaccination.