Estudo do material cerâmico do sítio GO-JU-07, Itapirapuã-GO, para compreensão da tradição Uru através da ótica processual

Abstract

The present undergraduate thesis addresses the archaeological site José Severino dos Santos (GO-JU-07), which was excavated in the 1970s by researchers from the Archaeological Program of Goiás. This program followed the Cultural Historicalist approach introduced in Brazil by Betty Meggers and Clifford Evans in the 1960s. The main objective of this study is to analyze the ceramic material from the José Severino dos Santos Farm, located in the municipality of Itapirapuã, in Goiás. The site yielded 420 ceramic artifacts excavated in the 1970s. Previous analyses indicated that these ceramics belonged to groups associated with the Uru tradition and the Itapirapuã phase, along with seven other sites in the Rio Vermelho Microregion (GO-JU-07, GO-JU-08, GO-JU-09, GO-JU-13, GO-JU-14, GO-JU-15, GO-JU-16). In addition to contributing to the knowledge of the Uru tradition, this study also aims to address some of the methodologies used in archaeological research in the Brazilian Midwest, in order to understand the developments since those initial works. A reanalysis was also conducted to review and characterize the material. This approach aimed to explore aspects that were not previously observed and to gain knowledge about those that led to the definition of the Uru tradition. One example of this is the identification of Cauixi as a tempering material in the analyzed ceramics, which had not been noticed before. Thus, this study seeks to understand the establishment of the Uru tradition within the theoretical framework of Cultural Historicalism in Brazil, and how more recent methodologies have contributed to the analysis of archaeological sites.