Extremismo de direita na Itália do século XXI: análise político-histórica sobre os efeitos da desigualdade de renda e o fenômeno do neofascismo

Abstract

Italy went through an authoritarian and fascist government in the early 20th century, while also experiencing economic and political crises. With the end of this government, the country continued to develop amidst neofascist movements, witch began to infiltrate the political structures of the country as well. The population became supporters of theses extremist movements and encouraged their rise to power. However, this has its origins in social problems that were not resolved by the democratic leadership of the country. Nevertheless, little is written about how the population became involved in theses movements, even though they have many general aspects similar to Mussolini’s fascism. Therefore, an analysis is necessary to understand how the income inequality gaps in the country made Italy a susceptible environment for fascism. To achieve this, a hypothetical-deductive case study will be conducted, seeking to understand how inequality encourages the growth of far-right movements in Italy. Data will be presented to confirm the relationship between income inequality and the rise of Italian fascism. Finally, it is identified that income inequalities and political institutional crises are casual factors in the creation of a far-right state. This occurs because there is a loss of trust from the population towards political leaders due to the crises.