Ômega 3, prematuridade e desfechos maternos e para o neonato: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence of the effect of omega-3 supplementation on prematurity. Methods: Searches were carried out in Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google academic databases, the descriptors used were: “prematury, fatty acids, omega 3, pregnancy, preterm.” Subsequently, the articles were further analyzed according to specific guidelines, such as Strobe and Consort. Results: Clinical studies indicated that omega 3 supplementation at lower doses started in early pregnancy (300 to 600 mg/day) resulted in lower rates of prematurity and longer duration of management, however, this effect needs to be better elucidated in studies futures, as the results were controversial. Regarding the outcomes related to the newborn, it was not possible to conclude on the effect of omega 3 supplementation on birth weight, head circumference and respiratory distress syndrome, since few studies evaluated these outcomes and the results were not uniform. . As for analytical observational studies, it was observed that, in general, there was an association between higher consumption of omega 3 sources, such as fish, and lower rates of prematurity, which was also observed for some maternal outcomes. Conclusion: omega 3 supplementation seems to have an effect on prematurity, however, further clinical studies are recommended so that the effects of omega 3 supplementation on prematurity and other clinical outcomes are better elucidated, as well as the dose and the appropriate time to start supplementation during pregnancy, with a view to reducing the rate of prematurity and peri and postnatal complications.