Adesão às medidas de biossegurança entre trabalhadores da área da saúde: estudo de revisão

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Hospital infections are evident as one of the main adverse events in health services. Thus, healthcare workers are exposed to various occupational hazards during the exercise of their activities, especially those related to exposure to biological, chemical and physical agents. Occupational exposure to biological material poses a serious risk to health professionals in their workplaces. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate national publications on adherence by health professionals to biosafety measures when handling blood and body fluids. METHODOLOGY: This is a narrative review study. The research was carried out in the following databases: the Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scientifc Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Academic Google and Brazilian Bibliography (BDENF). RESULTS: According to the selected studies, that address how much adherence to the use of Personal Protective Equipment, adherence to hand hygiene and the ways to dispose of sharps carried out by health professionals is essential in the biosafety action, which serves both as a measure of protection and safety for the health of the worker and that of the patients. These practices have the advantage of reducing the contamination of professionals by body fluids with pathogens and preventing potential infections to patients. DISCUSSION: According to the study, it is evident that non-adherence to personal protective equipment occurs due to the unavailability of PPE, lack of habit or difficulty in using protective equipment, difficulty for workers to adapt to the use of PPE, self-confidence, high demand from patients, service overload, lack of information in the sectors, lack of training and specific courses, lack of investment in permanent education. Even health professionals understanding the need to adhere to the use of PPE for their safety, adherence to hand hygiene and the correct disposal of sharps are not valued by them. CONCLUSION: The lack of adherence the biosecurity measurescontinues to occur frequently. Therefore, with the intensification of the practice and adherence to HH with the correct technique, incentives for adherence to personal protective equipment and greater investments in adapting the way of use and disposal of sharps are intended to sensitize them to safer actions and to quality in the workplace.