Ganho ponderal e Covid-19: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Objective: To analyze whether there were changes in weight in the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic and what these changes were. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, adapted to the PRISMA protocol, carried out using data from PubMed and BVS, applying MESH terms. The articles analyzed were published between 2020 and 2023, selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 290 articles were selected, with 61 included. Of these, 53 related weight gain to diet, 36 to physical activity, and 29 to emotional factors. Weight gain was associated with a worsening diet, characterized by a predominance of highly caloric and less nutritious foods. Furthermore, reduced physical activity and shortened exercise time were among the factors responsible for the increased sedentary lifestyle, emphasizing the increase in obesity and the decline in quality of life. Finally, emotional factors were closely linked to weight gain, increasing cases of depression, anxiety, stress, and fear, as well as emotional eating caused by the uncontrolled spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Conclusion: It was concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed the population's lifestyle habits. The results presented related weight gain to diet, physical activity, and/or emotional factors. It is worth noting that metabolic status directly influences patient outcomes; therefore, suggestions for preserving physical and mental health during periods or situations that impose physical and/or emotional stress may include recommending individuals maintain healthy habits. Keywords: Weight gain, COVID-19, pandemic.