Efeitos da hidroterapia na dor de pacientes com fibromialgia: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (SFM) is a rheumatic disease of unknown etiology characterized by diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal pain, in Brazil, it is present in up to 2.5% of the general population, predominantly in females, suggesting that one of the predisposing factors is the processing disturbance of nociceptive impulses from the Central Nervous System (CNS). The most common symptoms include fatigue, muscle stiffness, sleep disturbances, muscle and memory pain, and cognitive difficulties. The physical properties of water promote some important effects in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients. Relative density determines a body's buoyancy, thereby lessening the impact of exercise on joints. Objective: To verify the effects of aquatic physiotherapy on pain in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: This is a review of the scientific literature, where a search was carried out in the databases SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), MEDLINE (Pubmed) and VHL (Virtual Health Library). Articles that met the following criteria were included: having a title, abstract and, finally, the full text that fit the relevant theme. Those articles that did not address the theme and that did not reference the search terms, according to the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS), in Portuguese and English were included: hydrotherapy (hydrotheraphy), fibromyalgia, (fibromyalgia), pain (pain), symptomatology, chronic syndrome, fibrositis. Results: 14 studies were selected from the databases, 2 articles were excluded for being duplicated and 1 for being a narrative review, leaving 11 articles to be included. Conclusion: It was evidenced through the literature review that aquatic physiotherapy is beneficial in patients with fibromyalgia, providing opportunities for improvement in pain.