A importância do processo decisório em situações de risco no segmento de instrução de voo no Brasil

Abstract

The decision-making process results in judgment and decision-making on certain circumstances that require resolution and/or action. This scenario is applicable to different sectors, including civil aviation and its segments, such as flight instruction. In this way, instructors and students must be able to conduct a decision-making process to, in the end, adopt an adequate decision-making process. Otherwise, and faced with an imminent risk, it is possible that the circumstance turns into an aeronautical accident. Based on this premise, this research aims to verify the types of aeronautical occurrences in Brazilian flight instruction related to the decision-making process, in order to point out elements that are capable of improving judgment and decision-making in the segment. Therefore, the methodology used in the study is qualitative and basic, with descriptive objectives and bibliographic and documental procedures. Through this method and based on data extracted from the SIPAER Panel on flight instruction, it was verified that between 2012 and November 2022, 24 accidents and one aeronautical incident were recorded. Among the main types of occurrences, it’s possible to point out the loss of control on the ground and in flight, lack of fuel, runway excursion, sudden landing, collision with obstacles and others. Such occurrences are related to the decision-making process and indicate a problem centered on training, hence the relationship of offering integrated training by the Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC). It was found that this type of training improves judgment and decision-making in flight instruction for instructors and students and includes: routine instruction, standardization of instructors, managerial and flight planning, continuous management, Scenario-Based Training (SBT), use of Corporate Resources Management (CRM) and of Single-pilot Resource Management (SRM). Some of these elements are already foreseen by brazilian civil aviation agency (ANAC) for the segment, while CRM and SRM are suggestions from contemporary research. From the research, it is concluded the need and feasibility of advanced judgment and decision-making in flight instruction through the studied integrated training. Thus, for future studies, it is suggested to carry out an experimental research that implements more than one of the elements presented in a Civil Aviation Training Center type 2 or 3 in order to verify their responses to the judgment and decision-making of instructors and students.