A evolução das cabines de comando e a necessidade de adaptação dos fatores humanos

Abstract

During the first decade that followed after the creation of the aircraft, they were treated only as refined entertainment of the European high society. With the advent of World War I, it was perceived that they could be used as an artifact of military observations, but soon they ended up being promoted to combat weapons, which guaranteed significant investments to the development of the segment. With the end of the war, the excess of available military aircraft gave them a new destination, now focused on civil activities. The transport of small loads proved to be simple, but the one of passengers still suffered from the fear of the unknown, and this drove away both investors and customers, making the word 'safety' guide the practices of the aeronautical industry. Thus, new projects and the advance of various technologies suggested the implementation of a new cockpit in the aircraft, and with that, difficulties also appeared in monitoring work, then the physical (ergonomic) and mental limits of the crew were not considered. In addition, more modern aircraft now require a third crew member (flight engineer). Over time and with more technological investments, in the 1960s, glass cockpit cabins emerged, which brought modern displays and permitted the monitoring of only two crew members. Based on these findings, this study aims to present the evolution of this segment and the science of ergonomics, which deals with human-machine interaction of great importance in aviation. Therefore, exploratory research was used in order to provide information on the subject and guide the objectives, methods, and formulation of hypotheses. The bibliographical research supported the investigations through the use of various publications – such as dissertations, theses, electronic documents and specialized materials – in the research and allocation of knowledge on the subject. It was possible to perceive, at the end of the investigation, that there is a need for new technologies and transformations on the flight deck, as well as a change of paradigms for the adaptation of the human in their positions on board.