Planejamento da alta hospitalar de vítimas de queimaduras graves: revisão narrativa

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Burns are considered a type of severe trauma and represent the fifth leading cause of accidental death in the world. In addition to the trauma, the victim faces the hospitalization process, costs, physical and emotional limitations. These limitations directly impact the quality of life, health and the complex rehabilitation process of these people. Thus, care must be comprehensive and centered on the patient's needs from admission to hospital discharge. Hospital discharge planning should be carried out with the objective of preparing the burn victim and promoting greater security and confidence so that these people gradually to their routines within their new reality and limitations. OBJECTIVE: to describe the main needs and information pointed out in the scientific literature to compose the hospital discharge planning of survivors of severe burns. METHOD: narrative review carried out in four stages (definition of the guiding question; search and selection of scientific literature; extraction and critical evaluation of results; and narrative synthesis of the knowledge produced). Searches were carried out in the following databases: LILACS, PubMed, BVS, Medline, via Periodicals Capes. Gray literature searches via Google Scholar were also applied. The synthesis of information occurred in a descriptive way. The information found was synthesized and organized in a spreadsheet in Microsoft Office Excel software. RESULTS: The needs arising from the treatment of severe burns vary according to the impact generated by the trauma, varying in type and intensity. The care transition process is complex and, although very necessary, it still faces several barriers to be carried out effectively. The care provided must be holistic in nature and contemplate aspects of the human being, in all its dimensions. Among the recommendations detected in the studies, skin care can be highlighted, which includes bathing, products that may or may not be used, ideal clothes, care with dressings, wounds, burnt or donor areas, with blisters, itching, scars, pressure garments and the risks that exposure to sunlight causes. Another recommendation highlights the medications and the importance of knowing each one of them. In addition to this, strict attendance at consultations is preponderant so that monitoring and continuity of care take place effectively. As for lifestyle habits, studies highlight the maintenance of a regular sleep pattern, healthy eating and habits, exercise and stretching, good hydration and sexual activity. Finally, they point out the importance of seeking medical services if symptoms and signs of infection are detected. CONCLUSION: Upon hospital discharge due to severe burns, the victim will face numerous challenges depending on their health condition. Therefore, multiple instructions are extremely necessary to prepare the survivor and their family members to be able to continue the proper care and treatment to obtain the desired prognosis. point out the importance of seeking medical services if symptoms and signs of infection are detected. Conclusion: Upon hospital discharge due to severe burns, the victim will face numerous challenges depending on their health condition. Therefore, multiple instructions are extremely necessary to prepare the survivor and their family members to be able to continue the proper care and treatment to obtain the desired prognosis. point out the importance of seeking medical services if symptoms and signs of infection are detected. Conclusion: Upon hospital discharge due to severe burns, the victim will face numerous challenges depending on their health condition. Therefore, multiple instructions are extremely necessary to prepare the survivor and their family members to be able to continue the proper care and treatment to obtain the desired prognosis.